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Monday, April 4, 2011

Sham-link (MPLS - VPN )



In the diagram above, R1 and R4 are the CE routers which are in the same OSPF area . R2 and R3 are PE routers providing the MPLS VPN connectivity between customer side. The primary route from R1 to R4 will be through the MPLS network. Whenever MPLS VPN network is down, we will use the OSPF network as a backup.

In this scenario, we will have to use OSPF sham-link to help. The sham-link does like a virtual link connecting R2 and R3 together as a intraarea link. Therefore, when the sham-link is established, we will see those 2 OSPF routers (R1 and R4) learned route from each other as an intraarea routes.



Creating a Sham-Link:
Before you create a sham-link between PE routers in an MPLS VPN, you must:• Configure a separate /32 address on the remote PE so that OSPF packets can be    sent    over the VPN backbone to the remote end of the sham-link. The /32 address must meet the following criteria:– Belong to a VRF.– Not be advertised by OSPF.– Be advertised by BGP.You can use the /32 address for other sham-links.• Associate the sham-link with an existing OSPF area

Before enable Sham-link

R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    172.16.1.0 [110/10019] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0
     150.1.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O E2    150.1.3.3 [110/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    150.1.2.2 [110/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

After enable Sham-link

R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       172.16.1.0 [110/10020] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O    192.168.2.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
     150.1.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O E2    150.1.3.3 [110/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:57, FastEthernet0/0
O E2    150.1.2.2 [110/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:57, FastEthernet0/0



Configuration 
R2 (PE)
interface Loopback0
 ip vrf forwarding VPN_A
 ip address 150.1.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip vrf forwarding VPN_A
 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 mpls ip
!
router ospf 10 vrf VPN_A
 log-adjacency-changes
 area 0 sham-link 150.1.2.2 150.1.3.3
 redistribute bgp 100 subnets
 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
//MPLS domain
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 23
!
router bgp 100
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 100
 !
 address-family ipv4
  neighbor 10.1.1.2 activate
  no auto-summary
  no synchronization
 exit-address-family
 !
 address-family vpnv4
  neighbor 10.1.1.2 activate
  neighbor 10.1.1.2 send-community both
 exit-address-family
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf VPN_A
  redistribute ospf 10 vrf VPN_A
  neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 100
  neighbor 10.1.1.2 activate
  no synchronization
  network 150.1.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255
 exit-address-family
!


R3(PE)
!
interface Loopback0
 ip vrf forwarding VPN_A
 ip address 150.1.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 mpls ip
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip vrf forwarding VPN_A
 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
router ospf 10 vrf VPN_A
 log-adjacency-changes
 area 0 sham-link 150.1.3.3 150.1.2.2
 redistribute bgp 100 subnets
 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
// MPLS domain
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 23
!
router bgp 100
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 100
 no auto-summary
 !
 address-family vpnv4
  neighbor 10.1.1.1 activate
  neighbor 10.1.1.1 send-community both
 exit-address-family
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf VPN_A
  redistribute ospf 10 vrf VPN_A
  neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 100
  neighbor 10.1.1.1 activate
  no synchronization
  network 150.1.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255
 exit-address-family
!

**Note**
The intraroute learn by MPLS VPN of OSPF can be achieved by configuring the domain-id  in the OSPF process as well. Domain-id can be used if there is no backup link in the same OSPF area.

What makes sham-links better than the domain-id option is it can be configured the cost associated to the link as well. Therefore, in this scenario, we may increase cost of the intraarea backup link to 9999 to make sure the route going through MPLS network as a primary route.


R1
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf cost 9999
 duplex auto
 speed auto


You should configure an OSPF sham link under the following circumstances:
  1. Two CE routers are linked together by a Layer 3 VPN.
  2. These CE routers are in the same OSPF area.
  3. An intraarea link is configured between the two CE routers.
If there is no intraarea link between the CE routers, you do not need to configure an OSPF sham link.

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